Rebecca Manzi Scientific studies reveal empathy exists across mammalian species, from primates refusing food to avoid harming others to whales saving seals from predators.
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Growing scientific evidence confirms that empathy is not exclusively human, but rather a capacity shared by many mammalian species. From parental care among dolphins and primates to surprising gestures between predators and prey, the animal kingdom continues to amaze us with behaviors that transcend basic survival instincts.
When science revealed animal compassion
A landmark case dates back to 1964, when researchers subjected rhesus macaques to an ethically questionable experiment. The primates could obtain food by pulling a lever, but doing so would deliver an electric shock to a companion. The response was startling: some chose to go without food for days rather than cause pain to another. This provided clear evidence of empathetic behavior.
But the capacity for compassion isn’t limited to primates. Even in marine environments, scenes unfold that challenge our understanding. A humpback whale was observed rescuing a seal from attacking orcas, protecting it with her own body as if it were her own cub. This apparently altruistic gesture has no explanation rooted in species kinship or genetics.
There’s something that connects us all
Similar episodes have been documented among big cats. Some lionesses and leopards, after hunting a mother baboon, have been seen caring for her cub, forgoing their meal and even attempting to comfort the young animal. While isolated incidents, these behaviors suggest a sensitivity that goes beyond survival of the fittest.
Evolutionary science argues that empathy provides a survival advantage, particularly among social animals. In mammals that depend on parental care, recognizing and responding to others’ emotions becomes crucial for group cohesion and protecting the vulnerable.
Even smaller animals like field mice display consoling behaviors toward stressed companions. They approach, groom, and care for partners in distress. This clearly signals that emotional sensitivity isn’t tied to size or apparent intelligence.
Recognizing our shared nature
Accepting that animals can experience empathy compels us to reconsider our relationship with them. This isn’t about anthropomorphizing them, but about recognizing what we share. Perhaps the first step toward building a more equitable world begins right here.
